Lung tumors
(Lungentumore im Kindes- und Jugendalter)

• Metastases (Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, ...).
  
• Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB): rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor of the lung. 25% are extrapulmonary. Metastases are usually found in the central nervous system. The tumor may be associated with CCAM.
  - The tumor arises from the lung or the pleura or both sites.
  - There seems to be a constitutional and heritable predisposition to other dysplastic and neoplastic diseases (cystic nephroma, pulmonary cysts) in 25% of these patients. The families should be investigated carefully.
  - Bilateral PPB has been described.
  - Poor prognosis.
  
• Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is also very rare. 35% arise from pre-existing pulmonary cystic malformations (CCAM).
  
• Bronchial carcinoid.
  
• Bronchial mucoepidermoid tumors.
  
• Inflammatory pseudo-tumor (synonyms: plasma cell granuloma, histiocytoma, fibrous xanthoma).
  - Suspected aetiology: uncontrolled reaction to tissue damage or chronic inflammation.
  - 50% of patients under the age of 16.
  - 40% without any symptoms.
  - Symptoms: cough, fever, wheezing, fatigue, lower respiratory tract infection.
  - Histologically: spindle cells, myofibroblasts, granulomatous inflammation, lymphoid hyperplasia, fibrosis.
  - Invasive growth (vascular invasion, bone destruction) recurrence and metastases can occur.
  - Needle biopsy may lead to an unclear diagnosis. Surgery is mandatory.